https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12862-7
We propose that after several hundred thousand years of largely independent evolution, Neanderthals and Moderns likely acquired immunity and tolerance to different suites of pathogens—a temperate pathogen package in the case of Neanderthals and a tropical pathogen package in Moderns. The re-establishment of contact in the Levant would have resulted in exposure of each species to novel pathogens carried by the other species. In turn, these pathogens could have spread to the new susceptible hosts, placing a considerable disease burden on both species.
_- Steve
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